We need to develop a wide range of new technology to support a more sustainable future. In the United States, this means developing a system-wide optimization for the infrastructure, understanding the connections between water, energy, food, and other built systems. In the developing world, it means pushing the most efficient clean energy-generation technology as soon as possible, to defer/avoid the deployment of fossil energy. In all cases, California can lead the world in development and implementation if we are willing to invest in the long term.